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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00180_Field_frep100.txt
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1996-12-30
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If two very different images are
made to fall on the two retinas,
very often one will be, as it
were, turned off. If you look at
the left black-and-white square
in this diagram with the left
eye and the right one with the
right eye, by crossing or
uncrossing your eyes or with a
stereoscope, you might expect
to see a grid, or mesh, like a
window screen. Actually, it is
virtually impossible to see both
sets of orthogonal stripes
together. You may see all
vertical or all horizontal, with
one set coming into view for a
few seconds as the other fades,
or you may see a kind of
patchwork mosaic of the two, in
which the patches move and
blend in and out from one
orientation to the other, as
shown by the figure to the left.
For some reason the nervous
system will not put up with so
different simultaneous stimuli
in any one part of the visual
field--it suppresses one of
them. But here we use the word
suppress as a short way of
redescribing the phenomenon:
we don't really know how the
suppression is accomplished or
at what level in the central
nervous system it takes place.
To me, the patchy quality of the
outcome of the battle between
the two eyes suggests that the
decision takes place rather
early in visual processing,
conceivably in area 17 or 18. (I
am glad I do not have to defend
such a guess.)
That we experience retinal
rivalry implies that in cases in
which the visual system cannot
get a sensible result out of the
combination of the two sets of
inputs from the two eyes--
either a single fused flat scene
if the images are identical or a
scene with depth if the images
differ only in small horizontal
disparities--it gives up and
simply rejects one of the two,
either outright, as when you
look through a monocular
microscope, keeping the other
eye open, or in patchy or
alternating fashion, as in the
example described here. In the
case of the microscope,
attention surely plays a role,
and the neural mechanisms of
that role are likewise
unknown.
You can see another example
of retinal rivalry if you attempt
to fuse two patches of different
colors, say red and green,
instead of vertical and
horizontal lines as just
described. As I will show in the
next chapter, simply mixing
red and green light produces
the sensation of yellow. On the
contrary, when the two colors
are presented to separate eyes
the result is usually intense
rivalry, with red predominating
one moment and green the
next, and again a tendency for
red and green regions to break
up into patches that come and
go. The rivalry however
disappears and one sees yellow
if the brightnesses of the
patches are carefully adjusted
so as to be equal. It seems that
color rivalry is produced by
differences in brightness
rather than differences in hue.